Hadith
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#1. The two essential qualities required in a narrator are:
Adalah denotes moral integrity and dabt denotes precision in retention. Both are required for a report to be sahih.
#2. Imam Bukhari is reported to have compiled his Sahih over a period of approximately:
Reports indicate Bukhari spent about sixteen years compiling his Sahih. He is said to have prayed before including each hadith.
#3. Early hesitation about writing hadith was motivated chiefly by concern that:
The initial caution aimed to prevent confusion with the Quranic text. Permission to write was later granted more broadly.
#4. A statement attributed to a Tabi’i is classified as:
A maqtu report is attributed to a successor. It is distinguished from munqati, which concerns chain discontinuity.
#5. The most authentic collection of hadith according to the majority of Sunni scholars is:
Sahih Bukhari is regarded as the most authentic hadith collection. It is often described as the most reliable book after the Quran.
#6. The actual text or content of a hadith is called:
The matn is the substantive text of the report. Authentication requires scrutiny of both the sanad and the matn.
#7. The discipline of criticising and endorsing narrators is called:
Jarh wa Tadil is the systematic evaluation of narrators as impugned or credible. Scholars developed precise grades of both.
#8. Abdullah bin Umar is noted among narrators particularly for his:
Ibn Umar was known for meticulous following of the Prophet’s example. His narrations are numerous and carefully transmitted.
#9. The Tabaqat al-Kubra, an early biographical work on companions and successors, was compiled by:
Ibn Sa’d compiled the Tabaqat al-Kubra covering companions and later generations. It is a principal source for early Islamic biography.
#10. The methods of receiving and transmitting hadith include sama, meaning:
Sama is hearing the hadith recited by the teacher. It is regarded as the highest mode of transmission.
#11. A hadith in which two or more consecutive narrators are missing is called:
A mudal report omits two or more consecutive narrators. It is among the more severe forms of discontinuity.
#12. Permission granted by a scholar to transmit his narrations is called:
An ijazah is a licence authorising transmission of a teacher’s narrations. It formed the backbone of scholarly certification.
#13. The six canonical collections of hadith are collectively known as:
The Sihah Sitta are the six principal Sunni hadith collections. They comprise the two Sahihs and the four Sunan.
#14. Abdullah bin Masud was distinguished as an early authority on:
Ibn Masud was among the foremost authorities on recitation and law. The Kufan school drew heavily on his teaching.
#15. Sahih Muslim is distinguished from Sahih Bukhari chiefly by its:
Muslim grouped all variants of a hadith in one place, which scholars praise for organisation. Bukhari is nevertheless graded higher in authenticity.
#16. The principal commentary on Sahih Muslim was written by:
Imam Nawawi wrote the celebrated commentary on Sahih Muslim. It remains a standard reference.
#17. A hadith in which a narrator substitutes a stronger chain for a weaker one is described as:
A maqlub report involves inversion or substitution within the chain or text. It is treated as defective.
#18. Riyad as-Salihin, a widely read compilation of hadith, was compiled by:
Imam Nawawi compiled Riyad as-Salihin on ethics and worship. He also compiled the collection of forty hadith.
#19. The rejection of hadith as a source of law by some modern groups is opposed by mainstream scholarship on the ground that:
Numerous Quranic verses command obedience to the Messenger. Mainstream scholarship holds that this establishes the authority of the Sunnah.
#20. A hadith contradicting a stronger report by a more reliable narrator is termed:
A shadh report is one where a reliable narrator contradicts those more reliable. Its presence prevents a hadith from being sahih.
#21. Hadith criticism developed rapidly in response to:
Fabrication and factional conflict prompted rigorous scrutiny of chains. Scholars developed the science of narrator criticism in response.
#22. A hadith with a break in the chain at any point is termed:
A munqati report has a break in the chain. Such reports are classified as weak.
#23. A hadith meeting the conditions of authenticity but with lesser precision in one or more narrators is classified as:
A hasan hadith is sound but of a degree below sahih due to reduced precision. It is generally acceptable as evidence.
#24. The collection of forty hadith widely studied in the Muslim world was compiled by:
Nawawi’s Forty Hadith is a short collection of foundational reports. It is among the most widely memorised texts.
#25. Adalah in hadith criticism refers to a narrator’s:
Adalah concerns the narrator’s character and religious probity. It is assessed through biographical evaluation.
#26. The science dealing with the evaluation of narrators is known as:
Ilm-ur-Rijal examines the biographies and reliability of transmitters. It is essential to hadith criticism.
#27. The famous commentary on Sahih Bukhari titled Fath al-Bari was written by:
Fath al-Bari is Ibn Hajar’s commentary on Sahih Bukhari. It is regarded as the foremost commentary on that work.
#28. Sunan Abu Dawud is particularly valued for its focus on:
Abu Dawud concentrated on reports bearing on jurisprudence. His work is a principal source for fiqh discussions.
#29. Imam Bukhari was born in:
Imam Bukhari was born in Bukhara in 194 AH. His name derives from his birthplace.
#30. A hadith collection arranged by chapters of jurisprudence is described as a:
Musannaf and sunan works are arranged thematically by legal chapters. This arrangement assists jurists.
#31. An ahad hadith narrated by three or more at each level without reaching tawatur is called:
A mashhur hadith has three or more narrators at each level. It is the widest category among ahad reports.
#32. Musannaf Abd ar-Razzaq and Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah are significant as:
Both are early compilations arranged by legal chapters. They preserve many reports from companions and successors.
#33. A collection combining hadith arranged by the names of the teachers of the compiler is called a:
A mujam arranges reports according to the compiler’s teachers. Tabarani compiled three well-known works of this type.
#34. The companion known to have kept a written collection of hadith called As-Sahifah as-Sadiqah was:
Abdullah bin Amr recorded hadith in a document called As-Sahifah as-Sadiqah. He had the Prophet’s permission to write.
#35. The four Sunan collections among the Sihah Sitta were compiled by Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasai and:
Sunan Ibn Majah completes the four Sunan works. Some scholars substitute Muwatta or Sunan Darimi as the sixth book.
#36. A hadith whose chain is unbroken and whose narrators are upright and precise, free of irregularity and defect, is classified as:
A sahih hadith meets all five conditions of authenticity. These include continuity of chain, integrity and precision of narrators, and absence of shudhudh and illah.
#37. A hadith is regarded as a source of law because the Prophet’s role included:
The Quran assigns the Prophet the task of explaining the revelation. This gives his Sunnah legislative authority.
#38. Imam Nasai’s collection commonly used today is known as:
Nasai compiled a larger work and then an abridged selection called Al-Mujtaba. The latter is counted among the six books.
#39. Dabt in hadith criticism refers to a narrator’s:
Dabt is precision of memory or of written record. Deficiency in dabt lowers a report from sahih to hasan.
#40. A supporting narration through a different chain from the same companion is termed:
A mutabi supports a report through another chain from the same companion. A shahid supports it through a different companion.
#41. The two Sahih collections together are referred to as:
The Sahihayn refers to Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim together. They are the most authoritative of the six books.
#42. A statement attributed to a companion rather than the Prophet is termed:
A mawquf report stops at a companion. Such statements carry weight but differ in status from marfu reports.
#43. The full title of Sahih Bukhari indicates that it is a collection of:
Bukhari selected his material from a vastly larger collection of reports. He applied stringent conditions of acceptance.
#44. A hadith narrated by so many at every level that collusion on falsehood is inconceivable is termed:
Mutawatir reports are transmitted by large numbers at each stage. They yield certain knowledge according to scholars.
#45. A hadith collection arranged according to the names of the narrating companions is called a:
A musnad organises reports under the companion who narrated them. Musnad Ahmad is the best-known example.
#46. The key distinction between the Quran and Hadith Qudsi is that the Quran:
The Quran is divine in wording and meaning and is recited in prayer as an act of worship. Hadith Qudsi does not share these attributes.
#47. An individual narrator in the chain of a hadith is termed:
A rawi is a transmitter of hadith. The plural is ruwat.
#48. Abdullah bin Abbas is known among hadith scholars and exegetes by the title:
Ibn Abbas is called the interpreter of the Quran for his mastery of exegesis. The Prophet supplicated for his understanding of the religion.
#49. The Tabi’i of Madinah regarded among the seven great jurists of that city was:
Said bin al-Musayyib was foremost among the seven jurists of Madinah. He was a leading transmitter of the following generation.
#50. Imam Zuhri is significant in hadith history chiefly for his role in:
Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri undertook systematic collection under Umar bin Abdul Aziz. He is regarded as a pivotal figure in early compilation.
#51. The compiler of Sahih Muslim was:
Imam Muslim bin al-Hajjaj compiled the second most authentic collection. He was a student of Imam Bukhari.
#52. A narrator concealing his source by using ambiguous wording is guilty of:
Tadlis is concealment of a defect in the chain through ambiguous phrasing. Scholars scrutinise narrators known for it.
#53. Mishkat al-Masabih is a hadith compilation that:
Mishkat al-Masabih is a widely used compilation drawn from earlier sources. It builds upon Masabih as-Sunnah of Al-Baghawi.
#54. Imam Malik compiled the Muwatta in:
Imam Malik lived and taught in Madinah. His work reflects the established practice of that city.
#55. Among the companions, those who narrated more than a thousand hadith are conventionally termed:
The mukthirun are the companions with the largest number of narrations. Seven companions are usually listed in this group.
#56. The chain of narrators of a hadith is called:
The sanad is the chain of transmitters through whom a report reaches us. It is also called the isnad.
#57. Hadith were preserved during the Prophet’s lifetime chiefly through:
Companions memorised reports and some recorded them in writing. Systematic compilation came later.
#58. Shia hadith literature is centred on collections including:
Al-Kafi by Al-Kulayni is among the principal Shia hadith collections. Shia and Sunni traditions rely on different canonical compilations.
#59. Hadith concerning the virtues of particular regions, months or persons were especially susceptible to:
Reports on virtues attracted fabrication by sectarian and regional partisans. Scholars scrutinised such material with particular care.
#60. Biographical dictionaries of narrators are known as works of:
Tabaqat and rijal works catalogue narrators by generation and assess their reliability. Ibn Sa’d’s Tabaqat is an early example.
#61. The collection known as Al-Adab al-Mufrad was compiled by:
Al-Adab al-Mufrad by Bukhari focuses on manners and social conduct. It is distinct from his Sahih.
#62. The categories of hadith by number of narrators and by chain continuity are examined in the discipline of:
Mustalah al-Hadith is the science of hadith terminology and classification. It governs the evaluation of reports.
#63. The Sunnah comprises the Prophet’s sayings, actions and:
The Sunnah includes qawl, fi’l and taqrir, meaning sayings, actions and tacit approvals. All three are sources of guidance.
#64. A statement or action attributed directly to the Prophet is classified as:
A marfu report is traced to the Prophet himself. It is the primary category of hadith.
#65. The number of prayer units and their manner are known chiefly through:
The Quran commands prayer while the Sunnah specifies its form and units. This illustrates the Sunnah’s explanatory role.
#66. The number of hadith in Sahih Bukhari including repetitions is generally stated as approximately:
Sahih Bukhari contains roughly seven thousand reports including repetitions. Without repetition the number is substantially lower.
#67. A hadith not reaching the level of tawatur is classified as:
Ahad reports are those transmitted by limited numbers. They are subdivided into mashhur, aziz and gharib.
#68. An ahad hadith narrated by only one narrator at some stage of the chain is called:
A gharib hadith has a single narrator at some level of transmission. It is the narrowest category of ahad reports.
#69. Bulugh al-Maram, a collection of hadith on legal rulings, was compiled by:
Bulugh al-Maram gathers hadith relevant to jurisprudence with grading notes. It is widely used in the study of fiqh.
#70. The principal centres of hadith scholarship in the early period included Madinah, Kufa, Basra and:
Madinah, Kufa, Basra and Damascus were leading early centres. Each developed distinctive scholarly traditions.
#71. Ibn as-Salah is best known for authoring a foundational work on:
Ibn as-Salah’s Muqaddimah systematised hadith terminology. It became the reference point for later works in the field.
#72. Shah Waliullah’s well-known work addressing the wisdom behind Islamic rulings is:
Hujjatullah al-Balighah examines the rationale underlying Islamic law. It is Shah Waliullah’s most celebrated work.
#73. A hadith in which the Prophet narrates words attributed to Allah, outside the Quran, is called:
In a hadith qudsi the meaning is from Allah while the wording is the Prophet’s. It differs from the Quran in wording, recitation in prayer and inimitability.
#74. A hadith whose chain is omitted from the beginning by the compiler is called:
A muallaq report has one or more narrators omitted from the start of the chain. Imam Bukhari uses such reports in chapter headings.
#75. The largest of the early musnad collections was compiled by:
Musnad Ahmad contains tens of thousands of reports arranged by companion. It is among the largest hadith collections.
#76. A hadith with a continuous unbroken chain is described as:
A muttasil chain is connected at every link. Discontinuity renders a report defective.
#77. The statement that scholars began asking narrators to name their sources marks the origin of:
Ibn Sirin’s report indicates that naming sources became standard after the early disturbances. This established the isnad as a safeguard.
#78. The practice of travelling in search of hadith is known as:
Rihlah refers to journeys undertaken to obtain hadith from distant scholars. It was central to the transmission of the tradition.
#79. Hadith reported by both Bukhari and Muslim are described as:
Muttafaq Alayh means agreed upon by Bukhari and Muslim. Such reports occupy the highest rank of authenticity.
#80. A narrator disqualified for transmitting hadith would typically be one who is:
Integrity and precision are the twin conditions of acceptance. Failure in either disqualifies a narrator.
#81. Imam Muslim was born in:
Imam Muslim was born in Nishapur in Khurasan. He studied under Bukhari among others.
#82. The chapter arrangement of Sahih Bukhari is notable because the chapter headings often:
Bukhari’s chapter titles express his legal positions. Scholars observe that his fiqh lies in his chapter headings.
#83. The companion who served the Prophet for about ten years and became a major narrator was:
Anas bin Malik served the Prophet from childhood in Madinah. His long service produced extensive narrations.
#84. Imam Tirmidhi’s collection is distinguished by his practice of:
Tirmidhi comments on the grade of each report and records juristic differences. His work is valuable for comparative fiqh.
#85. The Umayyad caliph credited with formally ordering the collection of hadith was:
Umar bin Abdul Aziz instructed scholars to gather and record hadith. This marked the beginning of official compilation.
#86. Abu Hurairah spent much of his time with the Prophet as a member of:
Abu Hurairah lived among the people of Suffah in the mosque. This proximity accounts for the volume of his narrations.
#87. The compilation of hadith into organised written collections occurred chiefly during the:
Systematic compilation flourished in the second and third centuries AH. Earlier written records existed but were less systematic.
#88. The term Jami is applied to Tirmidhi’s collection because it:
A jami covers the full range of topics including belief, law, conduct and the Hereafter. A sunan focuses chiefly on legal matters.
#89. The Sihah Sitta were all compiled during which centuries after the Hijrah?
The six books were compiled principally during the third century AH. This period is regarded as the golden age of hadith compilation.
#90. A hadith in which a Tabi’i narrates directly from the Prophet, omitting the companion, is called:
In a mursal report the companion link is omitted by the successor. Schools differ on its acceptability as evidence.
#91. A fabricated report falsely attributed to the Prophet is called:
A mawdu report is a forgery and is not considered hadith at all. Its transmission without warning is prohibited.
#92. Muwatta Imam Malik is significant as:
The Muwatta is among the earliest systematic compilations. It combines hadith with the practice of the people of Madinah.
#93. The contribution of scholars of the Indian subcontinent to hadith studies is exemplified by:
Shah Waliullah revived hadith scholarship in the subcontinent in the eighteenth century. His works remain widely studied.
#94. A hadith graded sahih li-ghayrihi is one that is:
Supporting chains can elevate a hasan report to sahih li-ghayrihi. Similarly a weak report may rise to hasan li-ghayrihi.
#95. A principal function of the Sunnah in relation to the Quran is to:
The Sunnah clarifies the Quran’s general commands and provides practical detail. The manner of prayer is a standard example.
#96. Sunan Ibn Majah is considered by scholars to contain:
Ibn Majah’s collection includes some weak narrations. This is why some scholars place other works in the sixth position.
#97. The Prophet’s warning against attributing false statements to him indicates that fabrication of hadith is:
The Prophet warned severely against deliberate falsehood attributed to him. Scholars treat fabrication as among the gravest offences.
#98. A hadith scholar of the highest rank, having memorised a very large number of reports with their chains, is titled:
Titles such as hafiz and hujjah denote ranks of hadith mastery. They reflect the number of reports memorised with chains.
#99. A weak hadith may be used according to many scholars in the limited context of:
Many scholars permit weak reports for moral encouragement subject to conditions. They are not accepted for establishing law or creed.
#100. The wife of the Prophet who ranks among the most prolific narrators is:
Hazrat Aisha narrated a large body of hadith, particularly on domestic and personal matters. Companions consulted her on legal questions.
#101. A subtle hidden defect that undermines the authenticity of an apparently sound hadith is called:
An illah is a concealed defect detectable only by expert scrutiny. A hadith containing one cannot be graded sahih.
#102. An ahad hadith narrated by at least two narrators at every level is termed:
An aziz hadith has no fewer than two narrators at each stage. Mashhur reports have three or more.
#103. The compiler of Sahih Bukhari was:
Imam Muhammad bin Ismail al-Bukhari compiled the collection. He was born in Bukhara in Central Asia.
#104. The companion credited with the largest number of narrations was:
Abu Hurairah narrated more reports than any other companion. He accompanied the Prophet closely during the later Madinan years.
#105. The Prophet’s tacit approval of an act performed in his presence is termed:
Taqrir refers to the Prophet’s silent approval of conduct he witnessed. It establishes the permissibility of the act.