Defence and War
Results
#1. The militant attack that triggered the April 2025 India-Pakistan crisis occurred at:
An attack at Pahalgam in Indian-administered Kashmir on 22 April 2025 killed twenty-six civilians. India held Pakistan responsible, which Pakistan denied.
#2. Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad was launched in:
Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad began in February 2017 as a countrywide counter-terrorism campaign. It succeeded Operation Zarb-e-Azb.
#3. Operation Gibraltar in 1965 involved:
Operation Gibraltar sent irregular forces into Indian-administered Kashmir in August 1965. Its failure contributed to the outbreak of full-scale war.
#4. Youm-e-Takbir is observed in Pakistan on:
Youm-e-Takbir commemorates the nuclear tests of 28 May 1998. It marks Pakistan’s emergence as a declared nuclear power.
#5. The Al-Khalid tank was developed by Pakistan in collaboration with:
The Al-Khalid main battle tank was developed with Chinese and Ukrainian collaboration. It is produced at Heavy Industries Taxila.
#6. The Indian mobilisation against Pakistan following the December 2001 parliament attack was codenamed:
Operation Parakram involved a prolonged Indian military mobilisation in 2001 and 2002. The standoff ended without full-scale war.
#7. The Indian airstrike at Balakot took place in:
India conducted an airstrike near Balakot in February 2019 following the Pulwama attack. Pakistan responded with air operations the following day.
#8. Under the 27th Amendment, the office of Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was:
The 27th Amendment of November 2025 abolished the office of Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. It was replaced within a restructured command arrangement.
#9. Pakistan’s aerial response following the Balakot strike in February 2019 was named:
Operation Swift Retort was Pakistan’s air operation on 27 February 2019. An Indian aircraft was downed and its pilot captured and later returned.
#10. Asim Munir was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in:
He was promoted to Field Marshal on 20 May 2025 following the conflict with India. The promotion was made in recognition of his wartime leadership.
#11. Captain Muhammad Sarwar, the first recipient of the Nishan-e-Haider, was martyred in:
Captain Muhammad Sarwar was martyred in the Kashmir conflict in 1948. He was the first recipient of the Nishan-e-Haider.
#12. Squadron Leader M.M. Alam is remembered in the 1965 war for:
M.M. Alam is credited with downing multiple Indian aircraft in a brief engagement in September 1965. He became a celebrated figure of the Pakistan Air Force.
#13. The Pakistani surrender at Dacca in 1971 took place on:
The instrument of surrender was signed at Dacca on 16 December 1971. The date is observed in Bangladesh as Victory Day.
#14. General Headquarters of the Pakistan Army is located at:
GHQ is located in Rawalpindi Cantonment. Naval Headquarters and Air Headquarters are in Islamabad.
#15. The Command and Staff College of the Pakistan Army is located at:
The Command and Staff College at Quetta trains mid-career officers. It is among the oldest such institutions in the region.
#16. The Kargil conflict took place in:
The Kargil conflict occurred between May and July 1999. It followed shortly after the Lahore Declaration.
#17. The largest tank battle of the 1965 war was fought at:
The Battle of Chawinda in the Sialkot sector was among the largest armoured engagements since the Second World War. Pakistani forces halted the Indian advance there.
#18. Operation Zarb-e-Azb was launched in June 2014 in:
Operation Zarb-e-Azb targeted militant sanctuaries in North Waziristan. It followed the attack on Karachi airport.
#19. The Pakistan Air Force Academy is located at:
The PAF Academy is located at Risalpur in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It trains officers for the Pakistan Air Force.
#20. The Indian pilot captured by Pakistan in February 2019 was released as a gesture described by Pakistan as one of:
Pakistan returned the captured Indian pilot within days, describing it as a gesture of peace. The move was intended to defuse the crisis.
#21. Operation Grand Slam of 1965 aimed at capturing which strategic area?
Operation Grand Slam targeted Akhnur to sever Indian communications to Kashmir. The operation stalled and the war widened.
#22. The first war between Pakistan and India was fought in:
The first conflict began in late 1947 over the accession of Jammu and Kashmir. It ended with a UN-supervised ceasefire on 1 January 1949.
#23. India launched Operation Sindoor against Pakistan on:
Operation Sindoor was launched in the early hours of 7 May 2025. It struck multiple sites in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
#24. Pakistan’s nuclear programme was significantly accelerated after the war of:
The 1971 defeat gave decisive impetus to the nuclear programme. Bhutto convened scientists at Multan in January 1972.
#25. The Babur missile of Pakistan is a:
Babur is a ground-launched cruise missile. Ra’ad is an air-launched cruise missile.
#26. The Nishan-e-Haider is awarded:
The award recognises the highest acts of valour and has almost always been posthumous. Recipients come from all ranks.
#27. The May 2025 India-Pakistan hostilities ended with a ceasefire on:
A ceasefire took effect on 10 May 2025 following international diplomatic intervention. It ended the most serious fighting between the two states in decades.
#28. The office of Commander-in-Chief was replaced by that of Chief of Army Staff in:
The designation changed to Chief of Army Staff in 1972. Tikka Khan was the first officer to hold the new title.
#29. The Pakistan Navy’s notable operation during the 1965 war was the attack on:
Operation Dwarka was a naval bombardment of the Indian coastal town of Dwarka in September 1965. It is commemorated as a significant naval action.
#30. The first Chief of Defence Forces of Pakistan is:
Field Marshal Asim Munir was appointed the first Chief of Defence Forces in December 2025. He holds the post concurrently with that of Chief of Army Staff.
#31. Heavy Industries Taxila is primarily engaged in the production of:
Heavy Industries Taxila produces tanks and armoured vehicles. The Pakistan Aeronautical Complex handles aircraft production.
#32. Asim Munir is only the second Pakistani officer to attain the rank of Field Marshal after:
Ayub Khan was the first Pakistani to hold the rank of Field Marshal. Asim Munir became the second in May 2025.
#33. The second highest gallantry award of Pakistan is the:
Hilal-e-Jurat ranks second among Pakistan’s gallantry awards. Sitara-e-Jurat ranks third.
#34. The commission appointed to inquire into the 1971 war was headed by Justice:
The Hamoodur Rahman Commission investigated the political and military causes of the defeat. Its report remained unpublished for many years.
#35. India occupied the Siachen Glacier in 1984 through an operation codenamed:
Operation Meghdoot was launched in April 1984 to occupy positions on the Siachen Glacier. The area has remained militarised since.
#36. The Army Public School attack occurred in December 2014 at:
The attack on the Army Public School in Peshawar killed many students and staff. It led to the National Action Plan and the Twenty-first Amendment.
#37. Rashid Minhas, a Nishan-e-Haider recipient, belonged to the:
Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas of the Pakistan Air Force was martyred in 1971. He prevented an aircraft from being flown out of the country.
#38. Military action in East Pakistan in March 1971 was codenamed:
Operation Searchlight began on 25 March 1971 in East Pakistan. It marked the start of the civil conflict.
#39. The 1948 war between Pakistan and India ended with a ceasefire effective from:
The ceasefire came into effect on 1 January 1949 under United Nations auspices. The Karachi Agreement later that year demarcated the ceasefire line.
#40. Havildar Lalak Jan, a Nishan-e-Haider recipient, belonged to which region?
Havildar Lalak Jan came from Gilgit-Baltistan and served in the Northern Light Infantry. He was martyred during the Kargil conflict.
#41. Pakistan conducted its nuclear tests at Chagai on:
The first tests were conducted at Chagai on 28 May 1998. A further test followed at Kharan on 30 May.
#42. The Pakistan Navy submarine PNS Hangor is remembered for sinking an Indian warship during the war of:
PNS Hangor sank the Indian frigate INS Khukri in December 1971. It was the first submarine kill since the Second World War.
#43. Prisoners of war taken by India in 1971 were repatriated following the:
The Simla Agreement of 1972 provided the framework for the return of prisoners of war. Repatriation was completed in stages.
#44. Pakistan observes Defence Day on:
Defence Day is observed on 6 September to commemorate the 1965 war. It marks the defence of Lahore and other sectors.
#45. The agreement that formally demarcated the Kashmir ceasefire line in 1949 was signed at:
The Karachi Agreement of July 1949 established the ceasefire line in Kashmir. It was concluded under UN supervision.
#46. Major Aziz Bhatti was awarded the Nishan-e-Haider for his role in defending which sector in 1965?
Major Raja Aziz Bhatti was martyred defending the Burki sector near Lahore. He was posthumously awarded the Nishan-e-Haider.
#47. The JF-17 Thunder is a fighter aircraft developed jointly with:
The JF-17 Thunder was developed jointly by Pakistan and China. It is assembled at the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex at Kamra.
#48. The Frontier Corps operates chiefly in:
The Frontier Corps is deployed in the western provinces. It performs border security and internal security duties.
#49. The highest military gallantry award of Pakistan is the:
Nishan-e-Haider is Pakistan’s highest award for gallantry. It has been conferred only a small number of times.
#50. The Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 formally began in:
Full-scale hostilities began on 6 September 1965 when Indian forces crossed the international border. Earlier clashes had occurred in the Rann of Kutch and Kashmir.
#51. The Supreme Commander of the Pakistan Armed Forces is the:
The President is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces under the Constitution. Operational command rests with the service chiefs.
#52. Pakistan’s principal military intelligence agency is the:
The ISI is Pakistan’s principal intelligence agency. The Intelligence Bureau is a civilian organisation.
#53. Operation Rah-e-Rast was carried out in 2009 in:
Operation Rah-e-Rast restored government control in the Swat valley in 2009. It followed the collapse of a peace agreement with militants.
#54. The 1965 war ended with a ceasefire arranged through the:
The Security Council called for a ceasefire which took effect on 23 September 1965. The Tashkent Declaration followed in January 1966.
#55. The Ghauri missile of Pakistan is classified as a:
Ghauri is a medium range ballistic missile in Pakistan’s inventory. Shaheen is another ballistic missile series.
#56. The war of 1971 resulted in:
The 1971 war led to the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent state. It was the most consequential conflict in Pakistan’s history.
#57. A notable feature of the May 2025 conflict frequently cited by analysts was the performance of:
Observers noted the combat performance of Pakistan’s Chinese-supplied aircraft during the exchanges. The conflict provided operational data on previously untested systems.
#58. The Pakistan Military Academy is located at:
The Pakistan Military Academy is situated at Kakul near Abbottabad. It trains officers for the Pakistan Army.
#59. Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works is chiefly associated with:
KSEW builds and repairs naval and commercial vessels. It has constructed submarines and patrol craft under transfer of technology arrangements.
#60. Operation Rah-e-Nijat was conducted in:
Operation Rah-e-Nijat was launched in South Waziristan in 2009. It targeted militant networks in the tribal region.
#61. The three services of the Pakistan Armed Forces are the Army, Navy and:
The Pakistan Armed Forces comprise the Army, Navy and Air Force. Paramilitary forces operate separately under civilian ministries.
#62. Pakistan’s paramilitary force operating primarily in Punjab and Sindh is the:
The Pakistan Rangers operate mainly in Punjab and Sindh. The Frontier Corps operates in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan.
#63. The first Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan was:
Tikka Khan became the first Chief of Army Staff in 1972. The post replaced that of Commander-in-Chief.
#64. Captain Karnal Sher Khan was awarded the Nishan-e-Haider for his role in:
Captain Karnal Sher Khan was martyred during the Kargil conflict in 1999. He was posthumously awarded the Nishan-e-Haider.
#65. Major Shabbir Sharif was awarded the Nishan-e-Haider for his role in the war of:
Major Shabbir Sharif was martyred during the 1971 war. He had earlier been awarded the Sitara-e-Jurat.
#66. The office of Chief of Defence Forces was created under which constitutional amendment?
The post of Chief of Defence Forces was created by the 27th Amendment in November 2025. It revised Article 243 concerning command of the armed forces.
#67. The organisation responsible for Pakistan’s nuclear command and control policy is the:
The National Command Authority oversees nuclear policy and employment. The Strategic Plans Division serves as its secretariat.
#68. Pakistan’s declared nuclear posture is described as:
Pakistan describes its posture as credible minimum deterrence. It has not adopted a no-first-use declaration.
#69. The first Pakistani Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army was:
Ayub Khan became the first Pakistani Commander-in-Chief in 1951. Before him the position was held by British officers.
#70. The Pakistan Naval Academy is located at:
The Pakistan Naval Academy is located at Karachi. The Navy’s principal bases are along the Sindh and Balochistan coasts.